【馮敬恩案.名句解讀】莎士比亞:公義中含慈悲最接近天意
資深大律師李柱銘今為馮敬恩及李峯琦求情時,引述了英國大文豪莎士比亞劇作《威尼斯商人》的句子,這部莎劇正是談到一名債主,向商人債仔放債時定下苛刻條件,要求商人未能如期還款,便要對方在身上割一磅肉給他。商人因貨運問題未能還款,事後雖願多倍奉還,債主仍拒絕接受,更告上法庭,硬要取商人身上的一片肉,好友的女友知情,假裝法律專家在庭上為商人解困,並力勸債主慈悲寬大是雙重福佑,而慈悲與公義結合,才是最接近天意。
《威尼斯商人》是莎翁四大喜劇之一
《威尼斯商人》被譽為莎翁四大喜劇之一,故事講述威尼斯商人安東尼奧,為助出身貴族但卻身無分文的好友奪得美人歸,但好友心儀的女子鮑西亞,卻是名富家女,商人為讓好友能有體面地向該女子求婚,不惜向一猶太商人借貸,但債主卻開出苛刻條件,指商人若未能如期還款,便要從身上割下一磅肉作抵償。
商人為助好友而答應條件,怎料商人因一批貨物的船期延誤,未能如期還款,債主又因心中的種種仇恨,拒與商人和解,雖然商人願加倍賠償,但債主仍告上法庭,硬要商人切肉給他。
慈悲寬大是雙倍福佑
庭上眾人不斷勸債主接受還款,放過商人一馬,債主不理,假裝成法律專家的鮑西亞進庭,力勸猶太債主要慈悲,又指寬大有如天降甘露,是雙倍福佑。
故事的發展,債主仍沒有改變初衷,更帶備了刀,要商人赤膊割肉給他,鮑西亞突靈機一觸,指合約中只提到割肉,但不包送血,債主有權取肉,但若商人流下一滴血,根據威尼斯法律,要沒收債主所有財產,債主才被迫放棄,商人亦逃過皮肉之苦。
李柱銘今在庭上引述的句子,正是來自該劇第四幕的第一節,鮑西亞勸債主以慈悲之心去和解的一段:
The quality of mercy is not strained. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blessed: It blesseth him that gives and him that takes. 'Tis mightiest in the mightiest. It becomes The thronèd monarch better than his crown. His scepter shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings, But mercy is above this sceptered sway. It is enthronèd in the hearts of kings. It is an attribute to God himself. And earthly power doth then show likest God’s When mercy seasons justice.
取肉不得取血成劇中名言
這段話中的「慈悲的力量出於權力,它深藏在帝王的內心,是一種屬於上帝的德性,執法的人倘能在行駛公義時帶有慈悲,人間權力就和上帝的神力沒有差異。(But mercy is above this sceptered sway. It is enthronèd in the hearts of kings. It is an attribute to God himself. And earthly power doth then show likest God’s When mercy seasons justice.)」,正好點出公義中念慈悲,才最接近天意。而鮑西亞在劇中機智地點出:「文字上只說明你能取走一磅肉,沒有說你可取走一滴血。(This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood. The words expressly are “a pound of flesh.”)亦成了這劇的名言。